CHAPTER II
EXTERNAL FACTOR AFFECTING LEARNING
Physical development of the child is the basis for subsequent developments. With
increasing development of the body, a good size weight and height and
strength
allows children to develop physical skills and exploration
their environment without the help of parents and others in the vicinity.
The development of children during their development will be influenced by
the
several factors are summarized in the two factors of internal factors
and external factors.
Success or failure of a person to learn due to several
factors that
affect the achievement of learning outcomes are derived from
within the learner (factor
internal) and some are from outside the learner
(external factors).
According Slameto1, external factors that affect
learning, namely:
1. Family Factors
Family is an environment that
consists of the people closest to the
child. Lots of time and opportunity
for a child to meet and interact
with his family. Encounter and interaction
is certainly a great effect
for a person's behavior and achievement.
Conditions of harmony in the family can give
stimulus and a good response
from the child so that the behavior and performance to be good.
Conversely,
if the family is not harmonious or broken home will have a negative impact
student progress, behavior and achievement tend to be stunted, and will
appear masalahmasalah
in behavior and prestasinya2. In a family environment
factor that is necessary
note include:
a. Home atmosphere
Home
atmosphere intended as circumstances or events that often occur in
in
families where the children are and learn. The atmosphere is also a factor
important factors does not include intentional. So that children can learn
well need
runah atmosphere created a calm and serene than children feel at
home, kids
also can learn well.
b. Learning facilities
Economic
condition of the family closely related to children's learning. Children who are
learning in addition to unmet basic needs ie food, clothing, shelter and
Health, also requires learning facilities such as classrooms, desks, chairs,
lighting,
tulismenulis tools, books and others. Learning facilities that can
only be fulfilled if
families have enough money. That way students will feel
calm and comfortable as
all needs are met, so that students can concentrate
in
learning.
1) Encouragement parents
Parents should be able to
create the conditions for harmony in the family and give
encouragement to
the students at the school or it could be an award given for achievement
gained students, as hyper students to learn in order to get the achievement
well in school.
2. School Factors
School is a vehicle berlangsunng
educational activities and processes. In school
organized educational
activities, learning and training. In school values of ethics, morals,
mental, spiritual, behavior, discipline, knowledge and skills, and implanted
developed. Therefore, the school became the dominant vehicle for influence
formation of attitudes, behaviors and achievement of a student. School is an
environment
structured education, have a good system and organization. If
schools can
create relationships and good communication, using learning
methods
active-interactive, provide a means of supporting learning, creating
an atmosphere of order and
discipline, will be able to encourage students
competed in the study, which is expected
can improve learning achievement
siswa4. In a school environment factors that need to be
Teacher
Guru is
a human element in the process is absolutely necessary existence
learning.
Teacher quality is an important factor in determining the quality of learning in
school. With scientific held, teachers can make their students into the
successful. Each teacher has their individual personality and personality is
recognized
as an aspect that can not be excluded from the framework of
teaching and learning success.
The influence of personality pattern of
teacher leadership while performing duties in
classes. As follows:
1)
How to teach teachers
How to teach teachers to be systematic and clear with
variations in
delivery so it is easy to remember and understand the student.
How to teach
teacher is the teacher in the delivery of course material in
the process
learning in school.
2) Frequency of duty
The task is
work to be done and done. Assignment
used to streamline the lessons given,
demanding independence
students to learn and to know the understanding of
the material.
3) The presence of the teacher
Teacher attendance is
absolutely necessary therein. If only the students,
but the teacher is not
there, then there will be no teaching and learning activities
school.
4)
The method of delivering teacher
The method of teaching is taknik delivery
of content. In the delivery
materials, teacher tidah should fixate on one
method alone, but instead must
using a variety of methods so that students
do not get bored.
Learning Resources / Literature
Literature is a source
of learning materials that are used to help
smooth learning. The lack of
literature / reading materials in the quantity and quality
make a
presentation of learning that is not good. Things to note in the source
literature, as follows:
1) The number of textbooks
Textbooks (grip)
students held to improve learning outcomes
students. The availability of the
required textbooks students can help students
understand the subject matter
being taught. With ownership of textbooks
students can learn about a lot of
things related to the subject matter.
The material of the students have not
understood the teacher's explanation may be reassessed
in textbooks.
2)
availability / completeness literature books
Availability / completeness of
literature books to improve student learning outcomes.
In addition to
textbooks owned by students, schools should also provide
other reading
sources yan can broaden students' horizons and can
support student learning
outcomes.
3) Ownership LKS / supporting books
By having worksheets can
help students to understand the subject matter
taught, because students can
work on the problems in the LKS means
students train themselves to master
the material provided by the teacher.
c. Extracurricular activities
The
participation of students in extracurricular activities is very good as a means
channeling the talents, knowledge and practice of development for the
organization.
d. State (space) Class
The state of the class include:
1) The class
Classroom is a place where students learn. If the place is
conducive learning
and a quiet place to study will allow students to
concentrate.
2) Facilities and infrastructure class
Class facilities and
infrastructure that will allow a student to complete the
Facilities and
infrastructure incomplete lessons make presentation
lessons are not good,
especially on subjects that are practical.
e. Curriculum
Curriculum is
defined as the number of activities provided to students. Activity
It was
mostly present learning materials that students receive, retain and
develop
materials that lesson. Curriculum unfavorable effect is not well
to learn.
It is important in the curriculum:
1) The degree of difficulty of material
Difficulty in learning is the inability of the student in understanding the
material
lesson, it can stimulate the curiosity of students and make
students
active in order to understand the lessons learned previously not
understand. 5 Difficulties in lessons in self-motivation will cause
students to be able to overcome such difficulties. Difficulty in learning
jugamerupakan a challenge for students to master the subject
and will
have a good learning outcomes.
2) The composition of the subject matter
Teaching materials is a substance to be delivered in the activities
teaching and learning. A balanced composition of the subject matter would
cause
easy for students to learn.
3) School Time
School time is the
time of the teaching-learning process in schools. Time
it can be morning,
afternoon, evening / night. Choosing the right school time will
a positive
influence on learning.
4) Hours lessons
Choosing the right school hours
will give a positive influence
Lessons are given in the morning is better
because the physical conditions
still fit and your mind is still fresh, than
in the afternoon or evening
his condition was tired / weak that it is
difficult for students berkonsentrasi.6
f. School Discipline
1)
Frequency of late entry
Form of misconduct that often occurs is too late
present. Discipline of students
school appropriately demonstrated its
readiness to follow
lesson. Students who are late to class will miss the
material, not ready
receive materials having to adjust to and interfere with
other friends.
2) Timeliness collect duties
Timeliness in collecting the
assignment indicates that the student is
have a great motivation toward
learning and the student has
good discipline.
3. Factors Society
Communities around the student greatly affect student learning. Communities
consists of people who are not educated and have good habits will
effect
on students. Students will be keen to do as did the people
in the vicinity.
Consequently impaired learning and even children will lose the passion for
study because the attention focused on the lesson moved to deeds
always
made the people around him.
Conversely, if the children are the ones who are
well educated,
educate them and send their children, excited by noble ideals
will be the
front of the child, the child will also be affected as well to
the things done by the people in
environment, so it will act like the people
in the neighborhood. Influence
it can encourage students to learn more
giat7. Such state of the environment,
infrastructure building, the
atmosphere around the well will be good, and so on.
So is the state of the
public also determine achievement. When in the vicinity
lived state of
society consists of people who are educated, especially children
his high
school average and moral good, this will encourage more active
According
Dalyono 8faktor ekstenal factors that affect the achievement of learning
outcomes
are as follows:
Family
Family situation is very influential
in the success of the child. Parental education, status
economy, home,
relationships with parents and siblings, parental guidance, support
parents
influence children's learning achievement.
School
Places, schools,
quality of teachers, the classroom, school friends relationships, ratios
number of students per class, also affects children in the learning process.
Community
If communities are educated people and good morals,
especially their children. It can be a trigger for a child to study harder.
4. Surroundings
Building a house, the atmosphere around, traffic and
climate conditions can also
affect the achievement of learning objectives.
According Syah9 external factors that affect student learning, namely:
Social environmental factors
School social environment, such as
teachers, administrators, and classmates can
affect a student's learning
process. Well as between the third harmonic relationships can
a motivation
for students to learn more baikdisekolah. Behavior sympathetic
and can be an
example of a teacher or administration can be a driving force for
students
to learn.
Massyarakat social environment. Environmental conditions of the
area around the student
will affect student learning. Students a rundown
neighborhood, many unemployed
and neglected children can also influence the
activity belajarsiswa, most students
difficulties when friends need to
learn, discuss, or borrow the tools to learn
dimilkinya who happened yet.
Family social environment. This environment greatly affects learning.
Tension family, parental characteristics, family demographics (the houses),
pengelolaankeluarga, everything has an impact on learning activities
Relationships anatara family member, parent, child, brother, or sister who
harmonic activity will help students learn.
Non-social environmental
factors.
Natural environment, such as the condition of fresh air, not hot
and not cold,
light is not too harsh / strong, or too weak / dark, cool
atmosphere
dantenang. The natural environment mmerupakan factors that can
affect students' learning activities. Conversely, if the condition of the
natural environment is not
support, student learning will be too late.
Instrumental factor, namely the learning that can be classified two kinds.
First, the hardware, such as school buildings, learning tools, learning
facilities, field
exercise and so forth. Second, the software, such as the
school curriculum, peraturanperaturan
school, bukupanduan, syllabus and so
forth.
Factor the subject matter (which is taught to the students). This
factor should be adjusted
with a developmental age of students as well as
teachers' teaching denganmetode,
disesuaikandengan student growth
conditions. Therefore, in order that teachers can
provide a positive
contribution to the activity belajr students, the teacher should
mastering
the subject matter and teaching methods that can be applied in accordance
with konsdisi students.
According to Merson U. Sangalang10 factors that
affect student success
in achieving good learning outcomes are:
External
factors, including:
Family environment factors
Social factors
Factors schools
Factors supporting facilities study
Theories of
academic achievement above it can be concluded that the achievement of learning
been affected by external factors students .. External factors are factors
that affect
learning achievement of students from outside the student.
Especially the environment
According to Sartain is the environment
(environment) is that all of the conditions in the
this world in a certain
way affects our behavior, growth,
development or life processes except our
genes and even genes can also
seen as preparing the environment (to provide
environment) for other genes.
Our actual environment (which is really just
the factors in the world around
we were not really affect us, Sartain
environmental divide into 3 parts:
The natural environment / outside
(external or physical environment), the natural environment / outside is
everything that exists in this world that is not human.
The environment
(internal environment), Environment in is anything that is
including the
external environment / nature. The food in our stomach is said to be
between
the external and internal environment. Foods that are digested and absorbed into
the
the blood vessels actually belong to the internal environment
Social
environment / society (social environment). The social environment is all
person / people that influence us. The influence of social environment there
that we
received directly was indirect. The direct effect of such
relationships everyday.
Indirect such as radio, television, magazines. Our
personality is
result of the interaction between genes and our social
environment. Because of this it intersaksi tiaptiap
uniquely human, each
person has their own personality different
each other
If we connect
anatara carriage / descent (Heredity) and the environment in terms of
influence on human development, then: the properties and our character is
the result
interaction between nature (Heredity) and our environment.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
economy, home, relationships with parents and siblings, parental guidance,
parental support, greatly affects the learning achievement of children.
Of the many factors that must be considered, of course not 100% there is a
situation that
can be done as a whole and perfect. But trying to fulfill
perfect as possible is not a factor that is impossible to do.